ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
When artificial insemination was done first?
The first recorded artificial insemination was done by Italian scientist Spallazani in 1784. He could confine a female dog in a room and later when she showed evidence of being in heat he obtained a small amount of seminal fluid from a male dog and injected it through a syringe into the vagina of the female. 62 days later she gave birth to three young ones, who resembled in colour and shape both the mother and the absentee father.
What is artificial insemination?
The Artificial insemination is introduction of the semen into vagina, cervix or uterus to bring about pregnancy.
What are the types of artificial insemination?
Artificial insemination homologus l n this the semen of the women's husband is used.
Artificial insemination donor--!n this the semen of a person other than husband is used.
Pooled donor – in this the semen of husband is added.
When artificial insemination is done?
When the husband is impotent. When the husband is unable to deposit the semen in vagina due to hypospadius or epispadius i.e. urethral opening is either below or on upper side.
When the husband is sterile or when there is Rh incompatibility.
What are the biological aspects of artificial insemination?
Semen is obtained by masturbation and 1 c.c. is deposited by means of a syringe in or near the cervix. The time of maximum fertility coincides with ovulation. Hence insemination on several successive days in a month increases chances of pregnancy.
What precautions are to be taken in the process of artificial insemination?
Identity of the donor must remain secret.
Donor should not come to know that whom the semen was donated and what was the result of insemination.
Knowledge and full consent of donor is necessary.
Donor must not be a relative of the spouse and should not be suffering from veneral disease or mental illness. He should be potent and age should be below 40 years of age.
The woman to be inseminated and her husband should give in writing for the consent of unknown donor.
What is the advantage of using pooled semen?
When the husband's semen is mixed with that of the donor there is always the technical possibility that the husband may in fact become father of the child.
What are the legal problems in artificial insemination?
Adultery-The donor and recipient cannot be held guilty of adultery in India as law requires sexual intercourse as one of the ingredients of adultery.
Legitimacy-The husband is not the actual father of the child and as such the child is illegitimate and cannot inherit property
Nullity of marriage and divorce-lf artificial insemination was due to impotence it is a ground for nullity of marriage and divorce even if a child was born out of artificial insemination.

Status of child-Child born remains illegitimate unless and until is being adopted, but it parents don’t declare about artificial insemination child remains to be a natural child, for all practical purposes.
If artificial insemination is done without the consent of the husband he can sue his wife for divorce.
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